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(Forming Props With Your Computer... pg 2)

 

Once you have the data in hand, all that remains is to mark the wooden block and start whittling. I’ve made a couple of props this way now, and have a few observations to pass along that may be helpful:

First is the choice of materials. For my first block I used pine, which involved a fair amount of work. For my second I chose balsa, and that was much easier to carve. However, there is a tradeoff – with the balsa it is much more difficult to control the depth of the cut, and much easier to remove too much material at once. I imagine that this would get easier with practice and, of course, a sharp knife is imperative in order to have the maximum control of the cutting process. You might want to experiment to see which you prefer to use. Of course, the pine should be less susceptible to denting and damage with repeated use, too.

A second consideration is the thickness of the block. All of the discussions that I had read about carving forming blocks talked about the thickness of the block, so I just assumed that it was necessary to use the full thickness. Then it occurred to me: if you can carve up to and not go over the slanted line on top of the block, then you can certainly do the same thing with a horizontal line on the side of the block. That is, you can mark the block so that you use less than the full thickness, and end up with less work. (refer to illustrations below.)

The ability to control the cut depends somewhat on the grain of the wood. You will want to have the grain running in the direction of the cut. It is also easier to carve from the narrow end to the wide end (see illustrations, below) as this involves cutting both with the grain and into the block. Cutting in the opposite direction tends to tear the wood fibers rather than cutting them cleanly.



Fig. 2


Figure 2 shows the block marked and ready to carve. Since the layout is a straight line, it only takes one measurement (in addition to the zero point) to define it, but it is a good idea to mark two or three points just to help avoid mistakes.


Figure 3 shows the start of the whittling process, cutting from left to right. As mentioned above, start with a sharp knife and keep it sharp. Some people think that a dull knife will keep you from cutting too much too fast, but in reality it requires you to use more force which translates into less control.

Fig. 3


Fig. 4



Figure 4 shows the block nearing completion.


As illustrated in Figure 5, frequent use of a straightedge will show when enough wood has been removed.


Fig. 5




Fig. 6



In Figure 6 I've switched to a different knife blade to make some of the finer cuts near the root of the prop blade (In this picture the left side of the block is the root, the right side is the tip, the bottom, horizontal line is the trailing edge, and the top, slanted line is the leading edge of the prop).

Once the block is completed it should be given a protective coating such as polyurethane varnish. Remember, you will be placing wet balsa blades against the block and leaving them to dry.



Making the Prop Blades:

To use the block, I first cut out the blade shape from a piece of thin balsa sheet (I've been using a plastic blade as a template to get the basic outline shape). Then I soak the blade in an ammonia and water solution for ten minutes, blot off the excess, and place it against the block. Next I place a sheet of white bond paper over the blade and wrap several pieces of masking tape over the paper to hold the blade firmly against the block. Four to five hours of drying time has been giving me good results.

Once the blades are formed I taper the edges with sandpaper to give them a bit of an airfoil shape, and then attach them to my hub. There are several ways to do this - my current favorite is to cut a slot in the end of the blade and attach a short spar using slow-cure CA glue. Once the spar is properly positioned I give it a shot of CA accelerator. I then attach the blade to the hub by inserting it in a socket made from small, flexible tubing (A tissue tube might work as well for small models).


Finally, Figure 7 shows a recently completed blade and hub on my Grumman F6F Hellcat “Mo-Cal” model.


Fig.7


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